The Mexican Yearbook of Global Affairs (AMAG), Vol. IV, No. 1, is an annual publication (January–December 2025) published by the Universidad del Mar that provides a forum for analyzing the most significant developments in the contemporary global landscape. Address: Ciudad Universitaria S/N, Santa María Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico, Zip Code 70989. Telephone: +52 (958) 587 2559 and +52 (958) 587 2561. Website: https://anuarioasuntosglobalesumar.com. Email: anuario@aulavirtual.umar.mx. Editor-in-Chief: Dr. José Ricardo Villanueva Lira. Exclusive Rights Reservation No. 04-2025-120114233200-102; Print ISSN: 2992-8192; Online ISSN: 3122-4563, issued by the Mexican National Copyright Institute (INDAUTOR). DOI: https://doi.org/10.59673/amag.v4i1 The Yearbook assumes no responsibility for the opinions expressed in its articles, which remain the sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors. The Universidad del Mar authorizes the partial or complete reproduction of the publication’s content or images, including electronic storage, provided that such reproduction is intended exclusively for non-commercial or strictly academic purposes. In all cases, the original source must be properly cited, the content must remain unaltered, and appropriate credit must be given to the respective authors.